Background Irrigation or washouts of the bladder are usually performed in various clinical settings. In the 1980s Elliot and colleagues argued that urothelial damage could occur after washouts and ...

After surgeries on the bladder, prostate or kidneys, a permanent irrigation of the bladder is often decisive for a successful healing process. An intelligent system called "VisIMon" was designed to ...

An 85 year-old Caucasian man, affected by chronic renal failure, had been undergoing hemodialysis treatments three times a week for the previous three years. His fluid intake was controlled and he was ...