Stochastic Volterra integral equations provide a powerful framework for modelling systems in which memory effects and hereditary properties play a central role. These equations extend the classical ...

These are equations and variables used in this study. The physical quantity used in electromagnetism is calculated as a variable. Equations 1 and 2 represent the potential obtained from Maxwell's ...

It is interesting to look at figures from the Energy Information Administration about where energy gets consumed in our economy. These figures reveal that industrial uses account for 31% of all energy ...