An Enbridge Energy "Warning: Petroleum Pipeline" sign at the site of the Line 5 oil pipeline site at the Straits of Mackinac between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. Photo cropped from the original by ...

I.1 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) in pipeline construction verifies the integrity of girth welds, pipe body, and coatings without harming the asset, preventing defects from entering service and ...

Sharply higher miscellaneous costs overwhelmed lower material costs to increase the price of building land pipelines by more than $2 million/mile. Both labor and right-of-way (ROW) costs also ...

Sharply lower costs in all categories but material—which was roughly flat—decreased the price of building land pipelines by nearly $3 million/mile. The decrease in total estimated $/mile land pipeline ...