Machine learning is the ability of a machine to improve its performance based on previous results. Machine learning methods enable computers to learn without being explicitly programmed and have ...

Brandon is a professor of finance and financial planning. CFP, RICP, and EA, and a doctorate in finance from Hampton University. Risk-adjusted return measures an investment's profitability relative to ...

Jason Fernando is a professional investor and writer who enjoys tackling and communicating complex business and financial problems. The market approach is a method for determining the value of an ...

Automation standards from ISA—a global leader in industry-developed, consensus standards for more than six decades—serve as best-practice guidelines that direct proper system design, implementation, ...

An inherent principle of publication is that others should be able to replicate and build upon the authors' published claims. A condition of publication in a Nature Portfolio journal is that authors ...